Ke lisebelisoa life tse sebelisoang ho rafa?
Ho na le mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang merafong, ho itšetlehile ka mofuta oa merafo (mokoti o bulehileng kapa ka tlas'a lefatše) le mofuta oa liminerale tse rafshoang.
1. Thepa ea merafo ea mekoti e bulehileng : Hangata e sebelisoa ho rafa lirafshoa tsa liminerale holim'a kapa haufi le bokaholimo. Ka lebaka la sebaka se seholo sa ho sebetsa, lisebelisoa tse kholo le tse sebetsang hantle li ka sebelisoa. Lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa merafo e bulehileng li kenyelletsa:
Lisebelisoa tsa ho epolla:
Excavator : E sebedisetswa ho cheka le ho kenya ore kapa matlapa a lejwe. Ho na le boholo bo fapaneng le mefuta ea baepolli ba lintho tsa khale, joalo ka baepi ba backhoe, baepolli ba likharafu tsa sefahleho, joalo-joalo.
Liepo tsa mabili a libakete li sebelisoa bakeng sa merafo e kholo e tsoelang pele ea lirafshoa tse bonolo tse kang mashala le lehlabathe la oli.
Litsela tse hulang li sebelisoa ho tlosa moroalo o mongata (ho hlobolisa) le ho rafa lirafshoa tse sa tebang.
Thepa ea lipalangoang:
Literaka tsa merafo li sebelisoa ho tsamaisa bongata bo boholo ba tšepe kapa majoe a litšila ho tloha sebakeng sa ho ntšoa ho ea setsing se pshatlang, ho bokella kapa ho lahlela litšila. Hangata literaka tsena li khōlō haholo ’me li khona ho jara lithane tse makholo tsa thepa.
Li-conveyors tsa mabanta li sebelisoa ho tsamaisa tšepe kapa lejoe la majoe ka nako e telele libakeng tse telele, haholo-holo libakeng tse nang le sebaka se bonolo.
Mechini ea phetisetso e sebelisetsoa ho bokella le ho khutlisa lisebelisoa tse ngata.
Lisebelisoa tsa ho sila le ho hlahloba:
Crusher : E sebelisoa ho pshatla ore e epiloeng ka boholo bo nyane bakeng sa ho tsamaisa habonolo le ho sebetsa ka mor'a moo.
Mochine oa ho hlahloba : o sebelisetsoang ho arola ore e sithabetseng ho ea ka boholo.
Lisebelisoa tsa ho cheka le ho qhomisa:
Rotary drills and down-the-hole drills : e sebedisoang ho phunya masoba mafikeng bakeng sa ho kenya diqhomane bakeng sa ho qhomisoa.
Lisebelisoa le lisebelisoa tse qhomang: se sebedisoang ho pshatla lefika le thata.
Lisebelisoa tse thusang:
Bulldozer : E sebelisoa ho batalatsa sebaka, ho hleka litsela le ho bokella thepa.
Motor grader : e sebedisetswang ho hlokomela le ho aha mebila ya morafo.
Sprinkler : E sebedisetswa ho hatella lerole.
2. Thepa ea merafo e ka tlas'a lefatše e sebelisoa ho rafa lirafshoa tse epetsoeng ka botebo, tse hlokang litselana tsa ho cheka le likotopo ho kena 'meleng oa tšepe. Ka lebaka la mefokolo ea sebaka, thepa ea merafo ea ka tlas'a lefatše hangata e nyane ebile e tenyetseha ho feta lisebelisoa tsa merafo tse bulehileng. Lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa ho rafa ka tlas'a lefatše li kenyelletsa:
Lisebelisoa tsa ho epolla:
Lihlooho tsa litsela : E sebelisoa bakeng sa ho epolla ka mechine ea litsela le lithanele, haholo-holo merafong ea mashala le mafika a bonolo.
Li-drill rigs : E na le matsoho a mangata a ho phunya, a sebelisetsoang ho phunya masoba mafikeng a thata bakeng sa ho phatloha.
Rotary Drilling Rig : E sebelisetsoa ho cheka li-shafts tse kholo tse emeng le li-chute.
Thepa ea Morafo:
Moepo o tsoelang pele : Haholo-holo e sebelisoa merafong ea kamore le litšiea merafong ea mashala, moo moroko oa mashala o hlakoloang ke meqomo e potolohang.
Longwall shearer/ Ketso ya ho cheka mashala: e sebedisoang merafong e telele ho kgaola mashala leboteng le lelelele la mashala.
Scraper : E sebelisetsoa ho kenya le ho tsamaisa ore kapa majoe a litšila, ka mokhoa o motle oa ho tsamaisa libakeng tse moqotetsane.
Literaka tsa merafo : E sebelisoa ho tsamaisa tšepe e ngata kapa litšila tse ka tlas'a lefatše.
Scraper conveyor/ Ketso ya ho tsamaisa mashala: se sebedisoang ho tsamaisa mashala sefahlehong se sebedisoang sa longwall.
Belt conveyor : se sebedisoang ho tsamaisa borale kapa matlapa a mafika sebaka se selelele.
Tlhahiso ea merafo ke ts'ebetso e feletseng e kopanyang ho hlahloba, ho phatloha, ho senya, ho kenya, ho tsamaisa, ho tsamaisa, ho hlahloba, ho boloka thepa le ts'ehetso ea tšireletso. Khokahanyo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e hloka ts'ebetso e hokahaneng ea lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa profeshenale ho fihlela pholiso e ntle le e bolokehileng ea mehloli ea liminerale.
Re hlomella likoloi tsa merafo ka marimo a litsebi. HYWG ke moqapi le moetsi oa mabili a tsoang kantle ho tsela oa China, hape ke setsebi se etelletseng pele lefats'eng sa moralo le tlhahiso ea likarolo tsa rim. Lihlahisoa tsohle li entsoe le ho hlahisoa ho latela litekanyetso tsa boleng bo holimo.
Re na le sehlopha sa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele se entsoeng ka lienjineri tse kholo le litsebi tsa tekheniki, tse shebaneng le lipatlisiso le ts'ebeliso ea mahlale a macha, le ho boloka boemo bo etelletseng pele indastering. Re thehile sistimi e felletseng ea ts'ebeletso ea kamora thekiso ho fana ka ts'ehetso ea tekheniki e nakong le e sebetsang hantle le tlhokomelo ea kamora thekiso ho netefatsa hore bareki ba na le boiphihlelo bo bonolo nakong ea ts'ebeliso. Re na le lilemo tse fetang 20 tsa phihlelo ea tlhahiso ea mabili. Re na le phihlelo e ruileng haholo tlhahiso le tlhahiso ea mabili a merafo.
Re fana ka mefuta e mengata ea mabili bakeng sa Volvo, Caterpillar, Liebherr, John Deere, Huddig le mefuta e meng e tsebahalang.
Hobaneng ha likoloi tsa merafo li hloka mabili a khethehileng?
Likoloi tsa merafo li tlameha ho ba le mabili a entsoeng ka mokhoa o khethehileng (ho kenyeletsoa lithaere le lirimo) ka mabaka a 'maloa:
1. Ho sebetsana ka katleho le maemo a feteletseng a mosebetsi
Bokhoni bo matla ba ho jara boima ba 'mele: Lejoe la tšepe le tsamaisoang ke likoloi tsa merafo le teteaneng haholo 'me le boima ba 'mele, 'me mabili a tlameha ho mamella boima ba lithane tse ngata kapa tse makholo.
Maemo a thata a fatše: Libaka tsa merafo li atisa ho tsamaea le libaka tse rarahaneng tse kang mafika a bohale, seretse, lerōle, likoti, joalo-joalo, tse behang litlhoko tse phahameng tsa ho hanyetsa le ho phunya ha mabili.
Ho ikamahanya le maemo a leholimo a feteletseng: Libaka tse ling tsa merafo li na le mocheso o phahameng, mocheso o tlaase kapa mongobo o phahameng, 'me lithaere tse tloaelehileng li na le bothata ba ho tsofala kapa ho hlōleha.
2. Ntlafatsa tšireletso le botsitso
Matlafatso a khethehileng a mabili (joalo ka sebopeho sa radial sa tšepe kaofela) se ka thibela ka katleho likotsi tse kang ho phatloha ha mabili le rollover.
E kopantsoe le moralo oa rim ea merafo (joalo ka sebopeho sa selikalikoe sa polokeho ea likarolo tse 5), e etsa bonnete ba hore thaere ha e thelle tlas'a meroalo e phahameng, kahoo e ntlafatsa polokeho ea ts'ebetso.
3. Eketsa bophelo ba tšebeletso le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhokomelo
Lintho tse nang le matla a phahameng le setopo se teteaneng se ka mamella ts'ebetso ea nako e telele le ho bilika khafetsa.
Moralo o ikhethileng oa paterone o ka fokotsa ho roala ha maoto, oa ntlafatsa phallo ea mocheso, oa holisa potoloho ea phetoho le ho fokotsa sekhahla sa nako.
4. Ikamahanya le litlhoko tse khethehileng tsa thepa
Mefuta e fapaneng ea lisebelisoa tsa merafo (tse kang literaka tse thata tsa ho lahla, literaka tse hlalositsoeng, LHD, likharafu tsa motlakase tse ka tlas'a lefatše, joalo-joalo) li na le litlhoko tse ikhethang tse lumellanang le ho jara, boholo le sebopeho sa mabili.
Lisebelisoa tse ling, joalo ka likoloi tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a lefatše, li hloka lithaere tse tiileng kapa lithaere tsa boemo bo tlase ho amohela litselana tse tlase.
5. Ntlafatsa katleho ea mosebetsi
Moralo oa ho tšoara ha mabili le fatše (joaloka lipaterone tse tebileng le meralo e atolositsoeng) e ka ntlafatsa ho feta le ho hoholeha le ho fokotsa ho thella le ho thella.
E nolofalletsa likoloi tsa merafo ho boloka lebelo le potlakileng la lipalangoang tlas'a mojaro o phahameng, ka hona ho eketsa palo ea tlhahiso ea ore ka nako ea yuniti.
Khamphani ea rona e kentse letsoho haholo mafapheng a mechini ea boenjiniere, lirimo tsa merafo, lirimo tsa forklift, lirim tsa indasteri, lirimo tsa temo, likarolo tse ling tsa rim le lithaere.
Tse latelang ke mefuta e fapaneng ea lirime tseo k'hamphani ea rona e ka li hlahisang mafapheng a fapaneng:
- Boholo ba mochini oa boenjiniere:
| 8.00-20 | 7.50-20 | 8.50-20 | 10.00-20 | 14.00-20 | 10.00-24 | 10.00-25 |
| 11.25-25 | 12.00-25 | 13.00-25 | 14.00-25 | 17.00-25 | 19.50-25 | 22.00-25 |
| 24.00-25 | 25.00-25 | 36.00-25 | 24.00-29 | 25.00-29 | 27.00-29 | 13.00-33 |
- Boholo ba rim ea ka:
| 22.00-25 | 24.00-25 | 25.00-25 | 36.00-25 | 24.00-29 | 25.00-29 | 27.00-29 |
| 28.00-33 | 16.00-34 | 15.00-35 | 17.00-35 | 19.50-49 | 24.00-51 | 40.00-51 |
| 29.00-57 | 32.00-57 | 41.00-63 | 44.00-63 |
- Boholo ba lebili la Forklift:
| 3.00-8 | 4.33-8 | 4.00-9 | 6.00-9 | 5.00-10 | 6.50-10 | 5.00-12 |
| 8.00-12 | 4.50-15 | 5.50-15 | 6.50-15 | 7.00-15 | 8.00-15 | 9.75-15 |
| 11.00-15 | 11.25-25 | 13.00-25 | 13.00-33 |
- Litekanyo tsa lirimo tsa likoloi tsa indasteri:
| 7.00-20 | 7.50-20 | 8.50-20 | 10.00-20 | 14.00-20 | 10.00-24 | 7.00x12 |
| 7.00x15 | 14x25 | 8.25x16.5 | 9.75x16.5 | 16x17 | 13x15.5 | 9x15.3 |
| 9x18 | 11x18 | 13x24 | 14x24 | DW14x24 | DW15x24 | 16x26 |
| DW25x26 | W14x28 | 15x28 | DW25x28 |
- Sekhahla sa lebili la mochini oa temo:
| 5.00x16 | 5.5x16 | 6.00-16 | 9x15.3 | 8LBx15 | 10LBx15 | 13x15.5 |
| 8.25x16.5 | 9.75x16.5 | 9x18 | 11x18 | W8x18 | W9x18 | 5.50x20 |
| W7x20 | W11x20 | W10x24 | W12x24 | 15x24 | 18x24 | DW18Lx24 |
| DW16x26 | DW20x26 | W10x28 | 14x28 | DW15x28 | DW25x28 | W14x30 |
| DW16x34 | W10x38 | DW16x38 | W8x42 | DD18Lx42 | DW23Bx42 | W8x44 |
| W13x46 | 10x48 | W12x48 | 15x10 | 16x5.5 | 16x6.0 |
Lihlahisoa tsa rona ke tsa boleng bo holimo lefatšeng.
Nako ea poso: May-23-2025